Health in Bangaru Telangana

‘He who has health has hope; and he who has hope has everything’ – Arabian proverb

Emphasis on human development has taken over the economic development in recent times. Health has been put as focal point in human development. One of the 17 goals of Sustainable Development Goals’(SDG) of the World Health Organisation (WHO) is specifically devoted to health saying “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. Progress in health is dependent on many factors like economic, social and environmental progress of the State. As per the definition of health by WHO, Governments’ have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled by the provision of adequate health and social measures.

Specifically, human health is measured by longevity, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR),Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR), Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Sex Ratio etc. Status of Telangana on these indicators shows that the State is performing well in some of the key indicators.

MMR was 92 in Telangana, as against all India average of 167. Telangana becomes the fourth best state in the country with the lowest MMR after Kerala (66), Tamil Nadu (90) and Maharashtra (87). In terms of other health indicators like IMR, TFR, CPR, CBR, State averages are much better than all India averages. Same is the case with Adult Sex Ratio (ASR) and Child Sex Ratio (CSR). In ASR Telangana has 988 females per 1000 males, whereas all India average was only 940 females per 1000 males. CBR of the state which was showing 933 girls per 1000 boys, is more than all India average of 914 girls per 1000 boys.

District-wise analysis: As given in Table 1, MMR had been highest in Adilabad with 152 as against state average of 92. MMR in 7 out of 10 districts was below the state average, indicates the consistent efforts by the state authorities in bringing down the maternal mortality rate across the state. In IMR, it is important to note that 7 out of 10 districts were above the state average of 39 (See Table below).

Table 1: Status of Basic Health indicators

S. No	District	MMR 2011-13 *	IMR 2013 *	TFR 2013 *	CPR ***	CBR * 2013	ASR 2011 **	CSR 2011 **
1	Mahabubnagar	98	53	2.0	58.8	17.6	977	925
2	Rangareddy	78	33	2.0	65.1	17.9	961	933
3	Hyderabad	71	20	2.0	64.7	19.4	954	914
4	Medak	90	49	1.9	59.2	16.9	992	952
5	Nizamabad	79	48	1.6	58.6	19.3	1040	948
6	Adilabad	152	48	1.7	57.0	19.1	1001	934
7	Karimnagar	74	37	1.9	67.9	17.9	1008	935
8	Warangal	78	39	1.8	70.4	16.2	997	923
9	Khammam	99	45	1.8	73.8	17.4	1011	958
10	Nalgonda	90	47	1.6	68.8	17.3	983	923
	Telangana	92	39	1.8	66.7	17.4	988	933
	All India	167	40	2.3	40.4	21.4	940	914

Source: (i). * - State Estimates - based on Census 2011. (ii) ** - Census 2011. (iii) *** - DLHS-III(2007-08). (iv) SRS Report-Census

IMR – Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births); MMR – Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 1 lakh live births) TFR – Total Fertility Rate; CPR – Contraceptive Prevalence Rate; CBR – Crude Birth Rate; ASR – Adult Sex Ratio (per 1000 males); CSR – Child Sex Ratio (per 1000 males)

Status of Maternal Health and Child Development : According to latest NFHS-IV (2015-16) survey results on maternal health and child care, elicit some significant achievements’ as well as issues which, need greater attention. As per the survey, IMR has come down to 28 from 39 (SRS 2013). There is also a significant improvement in institutional deliveries, at present about 91.5 percent of deliveries are taking place in institutions. Administration of BCG vaccination in the State is about 97.4 percent.

However, as per the Survey, areas of concern in health include: mothers who had full antenatal care is 42.2 percent, full immunisation of children age 12-23 months is 68.1 percent and malnutrition among children under 5 is high in the State.