Now take a pill for the benefits of exercise

Now have all the benefits of fitness training, including increased fat burning and stamina, without exercising, packed in a pill. According to the researchers, an activated gene pathway triggered by running can also be activated in sedentary position with the help of a chemical compound which replicates the weight control and insulin responsiveness.

This can offer hope to people with heart conditions, pulmonary disease, Type two diabetes or other health limitations. "Exercise activates gene pathway, but we're showing that you can do the same thing without mechanical training. It means you can improve endurance to the equivalent level as someone in training, without all of the physical effort," said Weiwei Fan, research associate at Salk Institute.

In the study, appearing in the journal Cell Metabolism, the scientists found that a chemical compound called GW1516 (GW) allowed mice both normal and sedantary to run on a treadmill for 270 minutes before they got exhausted. Conversely, the mice that went without the drug lasted only 160 minutes before reaching their physical limit.

For both groups, exhaustion set in when blood sugar (glucose) dropped to around 70 mg/dl, suggesting that low glucose levels were responsible for fatigue. For the study, the team conducted a series of tests with mice on treadmills.

They found that in response to the drug, the activity of nearly 1,000 genes was changed, either becoming suppressed or increased. Genes whose expression increased were ones that regulate breaking down and burning fat. Genes that convert sugar into energy were some of those which were suppressed.