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In addition to root words, one must learn prefixes and suffixes, to enhance his vocabulary levels. Prefixes and suffixes are two elements that can be attached to roots to form words.
In addition to root words, one must learn prefixes and suffixes, to enhance his vocabulary levels. Prefixes and suffixes are two elements that can be attached to roots to form words.
Suffixes can be attached at the ends of roots to modify either the definition or the part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) of the word. So, suffixes can modify verbs into nouns, nouns into adjectives, and so on. To create words, put a root jointly with either a suffix or prefix.
Examples: photo (root for light) + graph (suffix for written) = photograph (light that is written)
re (prefix for again) + flect (root for bend) = reflect (to bend again) Perhaps, these may appear as funny methods to define the words "photograph" and "reflect." This is because when we use Latin to define words, we use very direct, literal translations.
These translations might sound funny, but there's always a clue there that shows what the true meaning is in English.
The top 10 suffixes you'll see with roots
1. able — (L) is, can be
2. act — (L) state, quality
3. phil/phile — (G) fear, fearing
4. chrome — (G) color
5. logy — (G) study of
6. ism — (G) act, practice or result of
7. some — (G) body
8. cidal/cide — (L) killer, a killing
9. meter — (G) a measurement
10. nomy — (G) systematized knowledge of
The top 10 prefixes you'll see with roots
1. ad — (L) to, attached to
2. amphi — (G) both, about, around
3. andro — (G) man, male
4. semi — (L) half
5. non — (L) not
6. pre — (L) before
7. inter — (L) between
8. anti — (G) against, opposed
9. co — (L) with, together
10. mono — (G) one, single, alone
Prefixes and suffixes help us in forming new words and enlarge our vocabulary.
PREFIXES - SUFFIXES
1. -able: Adj (able)-- dependable, valuable
2. -al: Adj-- original, typical
3. -an: NP (belonging to; see -ian)-- Korean, Mexican
4. -ance: N (see -ant 1)-- reliance, significance
5. -ancy: N (see -ant 1)-- constancy
6. -ant 1: Adj-- constant, reliant, significant
7. -ant 2: NP-- attendant, participant
8. -ar: NP (person who __; see -er 2)-- beggar
9. -ary: Adj-- primary, secondary
10. -ate: V-- coordinate, differentiate
11. -ed: Adj or tense (PT)-- bored, coordinated, tired
12. -ee: NP (person who receives an action)--nominee, refugee
13. -en 1: Adj or tense (PT)-- eaten, written
14. -en 2: V (to make __)-- lengthen, tighten
15. -ence: N (see -ent 1)-- influence, persistence
16. -ency: N (see -ent1)-- efficiency, emergency
17. -ent 1: Adj-- efficient, persistent
18. -ent 2: NP-- resident
19. -er 1: CP (Adj)-- busier, taller
20. -er 2: NP (person who __)-- baker, consumer, teacher
21. -es 1: pl-PT (N; see -s 1)-- candies, dishes, toes
22. -es 2: 3ps, PT (see -s 2)-- fixes, washes
23. -est: CP (superlative adj)-- busiest, tallest
24. -fication: N (see -fy)-- modification, simplification
25. -ful: Adj (full of)-- resourceful stressful
26. -fy, -ify: V (to make__ )-- classify, modify, simplify
27. -ian: NP (see -an)-- Brazilian, musician
28. -ible: Adj (able)-- eligible, visible
29. -ic: Adj-- basic, sympathetic
30. -ing: Adj or tense (PT)-- boring, frightening
31. -ion: N (see -ification, -sion & -tion)-- erosion, resolution
32. -ish: Adj (similar to)-- boyish, Irish
33. -ism: N-- communism, federalism
34. -ist: NP (group member)-- chemist, communist, federalist
35. -ity: N-- diversity, security
36. -ive: Adj-- excessive, productive
37. -ize: V-- characterize, organize
38. -less: Adj (without)-- effortless, helpless
39. -logy: N (study of)-- archeology, geology
40. -ly: Adv-- basically, typically, usually
41. -ment: N-- assignment, judgment
42. -ness: N-- awareness, tiredness
43. -or: NP (person who __; see -er 2)-- doctor, sailor
44. -ous: Adj-- ambiguous, enormous
45. -s 1: pl-PT (N)-- clocks, streets, trees
46. -s 2: 3ps, PT-- eats, thinks
47. -ship: N-- authorship, relationship
48. -sion: N-- expansion, vision
49. -tion: N-- classification, reaction
50. -y: Adj (presence of)-- cheery, noisy, rainy
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