Feeling tired or gaining weight?

Thyroid problems are becoming more common among young women today. Many women do not realise they have a thyroid issue until it starts affecting their daily life. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck. It produces hormones that control energy, metabolism, and mood. When it does not work properly, it can cause fatigue, weight changes, and other health problems.

Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid does not produce enough hormones. This slows down the body’s metabolism and can make a person feel very tired. Women with hypothyroidism often gain weight even if their diet and lifestyle have not changed. They may notice dry skin, hair loss, swelling in the face or hands, and feel unusually cold. Because these symptoms are often blamed on stress or a busy lifestyle, many young women delay visiting a doctor. Delaying treatment can make the condition worse.

Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, occurs when the thyroid produces too many hormones. This speeds up metabolism and can also affect health. Women with hyperthyroidism may lose weight suddenly without trying, feel nervous or irritable, experience a fast heartbeat, sweat more than usual, or have trouble sleeping. Although hyperthyroidism is less common than hypothyroidism, it can be serious if left untreated.

Several factors are contributing to the rise of thyroid problems among young women. Stress and irregular lifestyle patterns, including busy schedules and late nights, can affect thyroid function. Poor diet and lack of essential nutrients, especially iodine, can harm the thyroid. A family history of thyroid problems increases the risk, as these conditions can run in families. Autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, can also damage the thyroid and cause it to produce too few or too many hormones.

Early detection is very important. Simple blood tests can measure thyroid hormone levels and detect problems before they worsen. Women who have a family history of thyroid issues or experience unusual fatigue, weight changes, hair or skin problems should consult a doctor. In some cases, imaging tests may be needed to check for thyroid enlargement or nodules.

Treatment depends on the type of thyroid problem. Women with hypothyroidism are usually prescribed hormone replacement therapy, which helps restore energy and normal metabolism. Hyperthyroidism may be managed with medication to reduce hormone production, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery in severe cases. Along with medical treatment, healthy lifestyle choices can support thyroid health. Eating a balanced diet that includes iodine, selenium, and zinc, avoiding excessive processed foods and sugar, exercising regularly, and managing stress through meditation or yoga can all help.

Awareness is crucial. Many young women ignore fatigue, weight changes, or mood swings, thinking they are normal. However, these can be warning signs of thyroid issues. Early treatment can prevent serious problems such as heart disease, infertility, or severe metabolic complications. Paying attention to your body and consulting a doctor in time is essential.

In conclusion, thyroid issues are increasingly common among young women, but they can be managed effectively with timely medical care and healthy habits. If you experience persistent tiredness, unexplained weight changes, hair or skin changes, or mood swings, do not ignore them. Acting early can protect your energy, health, and well-being for the future.

(The writer is a senior consultant – Endocrinology, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore)